Gebruiker:Peter b/Declaration of Independence Klad

Franklin, Jefferson, Adams, Livingston, en Sherman bij het opstellen van de verklaring in 1776. Gravure naar Alonzo Chappel.

De Declaration of Independence is de onafhankelijkheidsverklaring van de Verenigde Staten die grotendeels werd opgesteld door Thomas Jefferson en die door vertegenwoordigers van de toen 13 Amerikaanse kolonies werd aangenomen op 4 juli 1776. De verklaring hield de onafhankelijkheid van de Britse monarchie in. Die onafhankelijkheid werd in de verklaring gerechtvaardigd door een aantal "waarheden" die de ondertekenaars voor "self-evident" hielden: dat alle mensen gelijk geschapen zijn, dat ze door hun schepper zijn uitgerust met bepaalde rechten en dat onder die rechten zijn: het recht op leven, op vrijheid en op het nastreven van geluk. Onder de verklaring staan 56 handtekeningen. Eén daarvan is van John Hancock. Hij schreef, naar het verhaal gaat, zijn handtekening zo groot neer, dat de Engelse Koning hem zonder bril zou kunnen lezen.

Tussen 1775 en 1783 was er een oorlog aan de gang in dertien deelstaten aan de oostkust van Amerika. De oorlog wordt gevoerd tussen de Amerikaanse inwoners van deze staten en de dan nog heersende Britten. De reden voor de oorlog was de wil van de Amerikanen om onafhankelijk te worden.

Op 4 juli vieren de Amerikanen onafhankelijkheidsdag (Independence Day). Dit is de belangrijkste nationale feestdag van de Verenigde Staten.

De originele tekst

De inleiding:

When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. – That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, – That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security. – Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.

[Hier volgt een lijst met aantijgingen tegen de koning van Engeland gevolgd door de volgende conclusie]

We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by the Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the Protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.