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Gebruiker:Wikiklaas/boxfishes

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The Boxfishes (Ostraciidae)[1] are a family of mostly tropical solitary reef-dwelling marine fishes. They inhabit lagoons and semi-sheltered seaward reefs. Juveniles often live among Acropora corals. Adult males are territorial.[2][3] They feed on algae, on microorganisms like foraminiferans, on invertebrates like mollusks, sponges, sand dwelling polychaetes and crustaceans, and on small fishes.[4][5] They have about threefourths of their body length encased in a rigid carapace, consisting of thickened, sutured scales modified into bony plates.[6][7][8][9][10] Because of this rigid armor, boxfishes cannot undulate their body anterior to the caudal peduncle. Consequently, the majority of their swimming movements derive from combinations of movements of their median and paired fins (MPF locomotion).[11][12][13] Morphologies that facilitate or limit turning have been widely discussed, but the effects of many design features on turning performance remain poorly resolved.[14][15][16][17][18] It has been suggested that a stiff body limits turning performance.[19][20][21][22] The results of several studies are consistent with this hypothesis.[23] Bartol et al. studied the roles the bony carapaces of these fishes play in generating the so called dynamic stability.[24] Boxfishes are slow-moving, territorial predators.[25]

  1. ↑ Smith, M.M. (1986). Ostraciidae. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin: 890-893.
  2. ↑ Lieske, E. & Myers, R.F. (1994). Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Collins Pocket Guide. Haper Collins Publishers: <<They are territorial and haremic, spawning pelagic eggs at dusk. [Ostracion cubicus:] Lagoon and seaward reefs. Usually near shelter. Juveniles often among Acropora corals.>>
  3. ↑ Myers, R.F. (1999). Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam: <<The cube trunkfish [Ostracion cubicus] is a solitary inhabitant of lagoon and semisheltered seaward reefs at depths of 1 to 45 m. Juveniles generally occur among the shelter of corals or rocks; adults range further out in the open, but seem to prefer areas near the shelter of ledges and crevices near sand.>>
  4. ↑ Myers, R.F. (1999). Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam: <<...diurnal predators of a wide variety of small sessile invertebrates and algae. This species [Ostracion cubicus] feeds on a wide variety of benthic organisms including algae, sand-dwelling polychaetes, mollusks, crustaceans, foraminiferans, and fishes.>>
  5. ↑ Lieske, E. & Myers, R.F. (1994). Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Collins Pocket Guide. Haper Collins Publishers: <<[Lactophrys triqueter] Feeds on benthic invertebrates exposed by a jet of water ejected through the mouth.>>
  6. ↑ Gordon, M.S. (2000). Boxfishes as Unusually Well-Controlled Autonomous Underwater Vehicles, Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 73: 663 <<Boxfishes (family Ostraciidae) are tropical reef-dwelling marine bony fishes that have about threefourths of their body length encased in a rigid bony test.>>
  7. ↑ Nelson, J.S. (1994). Fishes of the World. 3rd ed.: 446.
  8. ↑ Walker, J.A. (2000). Does a Rigid Body Limit Maneuverability? J. Exp. Biol. 203: 3391 <<Boxfishes are shallow-water, temperate and tropical marine fishes that are encased by a carapace of thickened, sutured scales modified into bony plates.>>
  9. ↑ Randall, J.E. (1972). The Hawaiian trunkfishes of the Genus Ostracion, Copeia 1972, 756–768.
  10. ↑ Tyler, J.C. (1980). Osteology, phylogeny and higher classification of the fishes of the order Plectognathi (Tetraodontiformes), NOAA Technical Report NMFS Circular 434.
  11. ↑ Walker, J.A. (2000). Does a Rigid Body Limit Maneuverability? J. Exp. Biol. 203: 3391 <<Because of this rigid armor, boxfishes cannot undulate their body anterior to the caudal peduncle. Consequently, boxfishes power both slow rectilinear swimming and turning maneuvers by oscillating or undulating the fan-shaped pectoral, dorsal and anal fins.>>
  12. ↑ Blake, R.W. (1977). On ostraciiform locomotion, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 57: 1047–1055.
  13. ↑ Gordon, M.S. (2000). Boxfishes as Unusually Well-Controlled Autonomous Underwater Vehicles, Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 73: 663 <<As a result, almost all of their swimming movements derive from complex combinations of movements of their median and paired fins (MPF locomotion).>>
  14. ↑ Walker, J.A. (2000). Does a Rigid Body Limit Maneuverability? J. Exp. Biol. 203: 3391 <<Morphologies that facilitate or limit turning have been widely discussed, but the effects of many design features on turning performance remain poorly resolved.>>
  15. ↑ Gerstner, C.L. (1999). Maneuverability of four species of coral-reef fish that differ in body and pectoral-fin morphology, Can. J. Zool. 77, 1102–1110.
  16. ↑ Schrank, A.J. & Webb, P.W. (1998). Do body and fin form affect the abilities of fish to stabilize swimming during maneuvers through vertical and horizontal tubes? Env. Biol. Fish. 53: 365–371.
  17. ↑ Schrank, A.J. et al., (1999). How do body and paired-fin positions affect the ability of three teleost fishes to maneuver around bends? Can. J. Zool. 77: 203–210.
  18. ↑ Webb, P.W. et al., (1996). Do body and fin form affect the maneuverability of fish traversing vertical and horizontal slits? Env. Biol. Fish. 46: 7–14.
  19. ↑ Walker, J.A. (2000). Does a Rigid Body Limit Maneuverability? J. Exp. Biol. 203: 3391 <<It has been suggested that a stiff body limits turning performance.>>
  20. ↑ Aleev, Y.G. (1969). Function and Gross Morphology in Fish. Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations.
  21. ↑ Fish, F.E. (1997). Biological designs for enhanced maneuverability: analysis of marine mammal performance, In Tenth International Symposium on Unmanned Untethered Submersible Technology: 109–117. Durham, NH: Autonomous Undersea Systems Institute.
  22. ↑ Fish, F.E. (1999). Performance constraints on the maneuverability of flexible and rigid biological systems, In Eleventh International Symposium on Unmanned Untethered Submersible Technology: 394–406. Durham, NH: Autonomous Undersea Systems Institute.
  23. ↑ Walker, J.A. (2000). Does a Rigid Body Limit Maneuverability? J. Exp. Biol. 203: 3391 <<The results of several studies are consistent with this hypothesis.>>
  24. ↑ Bartol, I.K. (2002). Flow Patterns Around the Carapaces of Rigid-bodied, Multi-propulsor Boxfishes (Teleostei: Ostraciidae) Integr. Comp. Biol. 42: 971 <<Boxfishes (Teleostei: Ostraciidae) are rigid-body, multi-propulsor swimmers that exhibit unusually small amplitude recoil movements during rectilinear locomotion. Mechanisms producing the smooth swimming trajectories of these fishes are unknown, however. Therefore, we have studied the roles the bony carapaces of these fishes play in generating this dynamic stability.>>
  25. ↑ Myers, R.F. (1999). Micronesian reef fishes: a comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam: <<Trunkfishes are slow-moving diurnal predators. [...] Those species studied to date are haremic with males defending a large territory containing non-territorial females and subordinate males.>>
  26. ↑ Ostracion cubicus in FishBase
  27. ↑ Ostracion in CAS Catalogue of Fishes
  28. ↑ Rhinesomus triqueter in FishBase
  29. ↑ Rhinesomus in CAS Catalogue of Fishes
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